The BIOS software has a number of different roles, but its most important role is to load the operating system. When you turn on your computer and the microprocessor tries to execute its first instruction, it has to get that instruction from somewhere. It cannot get it from the operating system because the operating system is located on a hard disk, and the microprocessor cannot get to it without some instructions that tell it how. The BIOS provides those instructions. Some of the other common tasks that the BIOS performs include:
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- A power-on self-test (POST) for all of the different hardware components in the system to make sure everything is working properly
- Activating other BIOS chips on different cards installed in the computer - For example, SCSI and graphics cards often have their own BIOS chips.
- Providing a set of low-level routines that the operating system uses to interface to different hardware devices - It is these routines that give the BIOS its name. They manage things like the keyboard, the screen, and the serial and parallel ports, especially when the computer is booting.
- Managing a collection of settings for the hard disks, clock, etc.
The BIOS is special software that interfaces the major hardware components of your computer with the operating system. It is usually stored on a Flash memory chip on the motherboard, but sometimes the chip is another type of ROM.
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When you turn on your computer, the BIOS does several things. This is its usual sequence:
- Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings
- Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
- Initialize registers and power management
- Perform the power-on self-test (POST)
- Display system settings
- Determine which devices are bootable
- Initiate the bootstrap sequence
The first thing the BIOS does is check the information stored in a tiny (64 bytes) amount of RAM located on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip. The CMOS Setup provides detailed information particular to your system and can be altered as your system changes. The BIOS uses this information to modify or supplement its default programming as needed. We will talk more about these settings later.
Interrupt handlers are small pieces of software that act as translators between the hardware components and the operating system. For example, when you press a key on your keyboard, the signal is sent to the keyboard interrupt handler, which tells the CPU what it is and passes it on to the operating system. The device drivers Dropcopy pro 1 87. are other pieces of software that identify the base hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard drive and floppy drive. Since the BIOS is constantly intercepting signals to and from the hardware, it is usually copied, or shadowed, into RAM to run faster.
Every computer has a place that stores programs to be used at a later time, known as random access memory (RAM). RAM can be found on small rectangle chips that slide into slots on the motherboard. Just like any other piece of equipment, memory can fail. A memtest procedure is the first step toward performing a memory test on your computer.
Computer technicians replace memory chips all the time when working on computers. This is why a memory test needs to be done on a regular basis, to make sure memory is good. If a memory chip should fail, it may prevent your system from booting or running.
When performing a memory test, you will find that most computers have a memory tester built into the PC's basic input-output system (BIOS). The BIOS is also on a chip, known as read-only memory (ROM). You can access the BIOS by means of a set up program. This program is usually accessed by hitting the F1, F2, Delete, or CTRL, ALT, ENTER keys, depending on the type of system you have.
When you turn on your computer, the BIOS does several things. This is its usual sequence:
- Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings
- Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
- Initialize registers and power management
- Perform the power-on self-test (POST)
- Display system settings
- Determine which devices are bootable
- Initiate the bootstrap sequence
The first thing the BIOS does is check the information stored in a tiny (64 bytes) amount of RAM located on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip. The CMOS Setup provides detailed information particular to your system and can be altered as your system changes. The BIOS uses this information to modify or supplement its default programming as needed. We will talk more about these settings later.
Interrupt handlers are small pieces of software that act as translators between the hardware components and the operating system. For example, when you press a key on your keyboard, the signal is sent to the keyboard interrupt handler, which tells the CPU what it is and passes it on to the operating system. The device drivers Dropcopy pro 1 87. are other pieces of software that identify the base hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard drive and floppy drive. Since the BIOS is constantly intercepting signals to and from the hardware, it is usually copied, or shadowed, into RAM to run faster.
Every computer has a place that stores programs to be used at a later time, known as random access memory (RAM). RAM can be found on small rectangle chips that slide into slots on the motherboard. Just like any other piece of equipment, memory can fail. A memtest procedure is the first step toward performing a memory test on your computer.
Computer technicians replace memory chips all the time when working on computers. This is why a memory test needs to be done on a regular basis, to make sure memory is good. If a memory chip should fail, it may prevent your system from booting or running.
When performing a memory test, you will find that most computers have a memory tester built into the PC's basic input-output system (BIOS). The BIOS is also on a chip, known as read-only memory (ROM). You can access the BIOS by means of a set up program. This program is usually accessed by hitting the F1, F2, Delete, or CTRL, ALT, ENTER keys, depending on the type of system you have.
When you turn on your PC, the BIOS will run the tester program automatically and scan the RAM. This is also referred to as a memtest procedure. After the memtest is completed, the computer may beep once or twice to warn of any problems, with an error code popping up on the screen. If there are no problems, the boot up process continues until the operating system loads and the desktop is reached.
Memory Test Msi Bios
Memory is always tested this way, but there are diagnostic utility programs available that can be more aggressive in performing a memory test. You can find many PC memory testing and diagnostic utility programs on the Internet. Some of them are free while others cost money.
If you do download one of these programs, it is best to burn the program on a bootable CD or DVD, and restart your PC, keeping the CD or DVD in the player. When your PC reboots, the CD or DVD will run and boot the testing program. Most programs will run diagnostic procedures that will aggressively test the computer's memory. The program will read and write the RAM several times to make sure that the RAM can hold the data. If there are no problems, the program reports no errors, and either returns control back to you so you can remove the disk and reboot the PC,or the PC continues in its boot process.
Bios Memory Hole
During the memory test, if a chip is found faulty, the program will stop and report its findings. At that time you will have to replace the defective chip. If the defective chip is not known, you may need to swap out one chip at a time, until you find the faulty one.
